Биомаркеры опухолевого микроокружения при раке молочной железы

Рак молочной железы является наиболее частой нозологией в структуре женской онкологической заболеваемости. Опухолевая структура при раке молочной железы характеризуется не только морфологической гетерогенностью опухолевых клеток, но и высокой степенью гетерогенности опухолевого микроокружения, включающего клетки иммунной системы, элементы клеточного матрикса и другие компоненты, которые могут оказывать проонкогенное и противоонкогенное действие. Таким образом, применение персонализированных подходов для выбора наиболее эффективных протоколов терапии рака молочной железы невозможно без комплексного исследования целевых онкомаркеров и биомаркеров клеточного микроокружения.

Цель работы – систематизировать данные о биомаркерах опухолевого микроокружения и провести оценку прогностической ценности исследования биомаркеров опухолевого микроокружения при раке молочной железы. Биомаркеры опухолевого микроокружения являются важным прогностическим фактором. Молекулярно-генетический анализ профиля таких биомаркеров, а также иммуногистохимические исследования взаимного расположения клеток опухоли и опухолевого микроокружения могут использоваться для высокоточной онкодиагностики и для подбора эффективной персонализированной терапии при раке молочной железы. Необходимость такого широкого комплексного исследования определяется пластичностью клеток микроокружения опухоли, которые могут как поддерживать опухолевый рост, блокировать иммунный ответ и обеспечивать резистентность к лекарственным препаратам, так и проявлять противоопухолевую активность.

В настоящем обзоре проанализированы ключевые элементы микроокружения опухоли, встречающиеся при раке молочной железы, примеры взаимодействия опухолевых клеток с микроокружением, данные прогностической и диагностической ценности биомаркеров микроокружения опухоли. Показано, что микроокружение опухоли влияет на образование лекарственной устойчивости и эффективность различных методов терапии рака молочной железы.

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