Molecular genetic features of osteoarthritis immune mechanisms
https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9784-2025-24-2-10-21
Abstract
Background. Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by heterogeneity of clinical manifestations and, in some cases, a severe progressive course. In this regard, it is important to identify new molecular targets for the treatment of the disease.
Aim. To determine the role of pathological immune processes, specific genetic and epigenetic changes in OA, identification of OA-specific microRNAs and potential targets for targeted therapy.
Materials and methods. To prepare the review, scientific platforms PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, RSCI were used to search for information. The search words and phrases were: “osteoarthritis genes meta-analysis”, “osteoarthritis genes”, “miRNAs osteoarthritis”.
Results. Data were obtained on the involvement of pathological immune reactions in the mechanism of OA with changes in the expression of 34 specific genes involved in the functioning of the immune system by immune cells infiltrating joints. Clinical studies have determined the association of allelic variants of C5AR1, FCGR2B, HLA-DR2, HLA-DR5, IL1B, IL1RN, IL4R, IL6, IL10, IL17, TYROBP, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR9, TLR10 genes, involved in the regulation of immune system functioning. Changes in the expression of 11 specific microRNAs involved in inflammatory and degenerative processes in OA were identified.
Conclusion. Molecular genetic studies make it possible to find new markers of pathological immune reactions in OA, the presence of which in patients can be used to determine methods of treating the disease to prevent rapid progression of the disease, as well as to design targeted therapy. An important role of disturbances in the expression of genes involved in the functioning of the immune system in the pathogenesis of the disease was identified. MicroRNAs associated with OA involved in the pathogenesis of immune changes may become promising tools for targeted therapy of OA. Analysis of the reviewed materials indicates that the use of microRNAs that affect retroelements involved in the pathogenesis of OA can become the basis not only for suppressing the progression of the pathology, but also for slowing down the aging process.
About the Author
R. N. Mustafin
Bashkir State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Rustam N. Mustafin.
3 Lenin St., Ufa 450008
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Review
For citations:
Mustafin R.N. Molecular genetic features of osteoarthritis immune mechanisms. Russian Journal of Biotherapy. 2025;24(2):10-21. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9784-2025-24-2-10-21
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